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Grandstand Handheld and Pocket Games

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Grandstand wordmark

Grandstand handheld and pocket games are the several dozen LED and LCD games that Adam Imports Ltd of Harrogate sold under its Grandstand name, from LED games of 1979 to the Thunderbirds pocket games of 1991.[1][2] As with its TV games and tabletops, most of the titles whose origin is known were made by other companies, Epoch, Tomy, VTech, Conic and Tiger among them, and sold in the UK under Grandstand names. MAME's notes on Tiger's LCD games say that Tiger did not release its LCD games numbered before its 78-xxx series in Europe itself, but through other publishers, Grandstand in the UK among them.[3]

Every Grandstand handheld found is listed below with what is known about it. For most that is a collector's one-line entry and a photograph. Grandstand leaflets survive for five of them, and five have enough hardware information for a short section. No service manual, schematic or published repair for any Grandstand handheld was found.

The games

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Years, display types, batteries and model numbers come from the Handheld Museum's collector entries unless another source is cited; the model numbers are that collector's readings from boxes. Click a column heading to sort.

Grandstand LED and LCD handheld and pocket games
Title Year Display Maker or other release Batteries Model no. Leaflet
4 in 1 Electronic Game[4] 1979 LED; Grand Prix, Code Breaker, Blackjack and a calculator Not known 5 × AA 18546 None found
Adam[5] 1979 LED Not established; looks the same as Waddington's Wizard 6 × C Not known None found
Soccer[6] 1979 LED Not known; also sold as MIT Soccer 1 × 9 V S.G. 7891 None found
Solitaire[7] 1979 LED: 5 × 6 dot matrix and a two-digit timer Conic (Electronic I.Q.)[8] 1 × 9 V[9] 18533 Leaflet
Detective Shoestring[10] 1980 LED Epoch (Detective) 4 × AA Not known None found
Match of the Day Soccer (Kevin Keegan's)[11] 1980[12] LED VTech (Soccer 2) 4 × AA 11109 None found
Pocket Match of the Day[13] 1981 LED The Hong Kong maker of the Kmart Dunk 'n Sunk[14] 1 × 9 V Not known None found
Mini-Munchman[15] 1981 LCD Epoch (Epoch-Man) 2 × LR44 Not known None found
Crazy Kong[16] 1981 (Handheld Museum); 1982 (Mini-Arcade.com)[17] LCD Epoch (Mini-Arcade.com); also sold as Monster Panic[17] Watch battery 11914 None found
Caveman (LCD)[18] 1982 LCD Not known 2 × LR43 11927 (see notes) None found
Mini Golf[19] 1982 LCD Tomy (Digi-Pro Golf) 2 × AAA 11927 (see notes) None found
Dragon[20] 1982 LCD Tiger (Dragon) Watch batteries 11956 None found
King Kong New York[21] 1982 LCD Epoch Watch batteries Not known None found
King Kong Jungle[22] 1982 LCD Epoch Watch batteries 12036 None found
Mr. Rich Man (Rich Man)[23] 1982 LCD Epoch Watch batteries Not known None found
Mr. Wood Man (Wood Man)[24] 1982 LCD Epoch Watch batteries Not known None found
Space Fight[25] 1982 LCD Not known Watch batteries Not known None found
Pocket Scramble[26] 1983 LCD Not known Watch battery 12081 None found
Swords 'n' Serpents[27] 1983 LCD Not known Watch batteries 12106 None found
Jack & the Beanstalk[28] 1983 LCD Epoch (Jack and the Beanstalk) Solar 12135 None found
Pocket Pac-Man (Big Screen LCD)[29] 1983 LCD; calendar, watch and alarm[30] Epoch (Epoch-Man) 2 × LR44 12164 None found
BMX Flyer[31] 1983 Colour LCD, fluorescent backlight Tomy (Wheelie Crosser, model 7686)[32] 4 × C (leaflet); 4 × AA (Handheld Museum)[33] 11307 Leaflet
Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends[34] 1984 Colour LCD, fluorescent backlight Tomy, probably; no Tomy release known 4 × AA[35] 5151-0 Leaflet
BMX Burner[36] 1984 LCD Epoch (BMX Super Champion) 2 × LR44[37] 12148 Leaflet
Maths Master[38] 1984 LCD (educational) Epoch (Math Master, or Sensu-Puter in Japan) 2 × AA 12177 None found
Astro Warriors[39] 1984 LCD Epoch (Space Dragon) Watch batteries Not known None found
Krazy Kong[40] 1984 LCD, slimmer case Not known; same game as Crazy Kong Watch batteries Not known None found
Mouse Maze[41] 1987 LCD Not known Not known Not known None found
Gauntlet[42] 1988[43] LCD Tiger (Gauntlet, model 7-778) Not known Not known None found
Double Dragon[44] 1988[45] LCD Tiger (licensed) 2 × AA Not known None found
Batman[46] 1989 LCD Looks like a Tiger game (Handheld Museum) Not known Not known None found
Indiana Jones[47] 1989 LCD Not known Watch batteries Not known None found
Thunderbirds: Brink of Disaster, Blast into Outer Space, Danger at Ocean Deep, Pit of Peril[2] 1991 LCD, pocket Not known One button cell, supplied (leaflet); LR44 (Handheld Museum)[48] 4179-1 (Danger at Ocean Deep, printed on the leaflet) Leaflet
Destroyer[49] Not known LED Not established; also sold by Conic and Spectrum 3 × AA 003101 None found
The Game Machine[50] Not known LED Not established; also sold as Mini Game Machine by VTech and by House of Games 5 × AA Not known None found
Paperboy[51] Not known LCD Tiger (licensed) 2 × AA Not known None found
Batman: Back Street Brawl; Batman: Wings of Steel[52] Not known LCD Not known Watch batteries Not known None found
Captain Scarlet: Lunarville; Captain Scarlet: Manhunt[53] Not known LCD Not known Watch batteries Not known None found
Stingray: Seek & Destroy[54] Not known LCD Not known Watch batteries Not known None found
Star Force (LCD, "Supersound")[55] Not known LCD Probably Tiger (Handheld Museum) Not known Not known None found
Game Player[56] Not known LCD in each cartridge Not known Watch batteries Not known None found
Game Wizard[57] Not known LCD with slide-in background cards; six built-in games Not known 4 × AA Not known None found
Hero and Princess[58] Not known LCD Not established; the same game as Tandy's Hero and Princess Watch batteries Not known None found
Asteroid Attack, Ghostcatcher[1] Not known LCD, bright colours Not known Watch batteries Not known None found
Back to the Heaven, Combat Zone, Formula One Racing, The Jungle Book, Run-Away, Tarzan, Vampire Strike, Military Game (name uncertain)[1] Not known LCD Not known Watch batteries Not known None found
Wicked Blocks[1] Not known LCD; a falling-blocks game Not known Not known Not known None found

Notes on the table:

  • The Handheld Museum gives the same model number, 11927, for both Caveman (LCD) and Mini Golf. One of the two readings is wrong.[18][19]
  • The BMX Flyer leaflet asks for four Duracell MN1400 (C) cells; the Handheld Museum lists four AA, as it does for Tomy's Wheelie Crosser. The Thomas the Tank Engine leaflet, for a game in the same series, asks for MN1500 (AA).[33][31][32][35]
  • Crazy Kong is dated 1981 by the Handheld Museum and 1982 by Mini-Arcade.com. The Handheld Museum also gives its processor as an NEC D553C, the chip family of the VFD tabletops; no other source confirms it.[16][17]
  • The Handheld Museum describes Solitaire as a game of turning all the lights off. The Grandstand leaflet and MAME both describe peg solitaire (see below).[7][9][8]
  • "Watch batteries" is the Handheld Museum's wording; it does not give the cell type.

Not in this table

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  • The VFD tabletop games (Astro Wars, Munchman, Scramble and the others) have their own pages; see Category:Grandstand.
  • Astro Wars (1990) is a large LCD tabletop, not a handheld: the Handheld Museum says it was made by Tiger, runs on two AA or two C cells (as written) and is model 4105-4. It has nothing in common with the 1981 VFD Grandstand Astro Wars except the name.[59]
  • The Light Games LCD Colour Projection System, a projector for LCD game cartridges, is listed by Wikipedia as a Grandstand rebadge of a Playtime Products (Hong Kong) system running on D cells. No Grandstand-branded unit has been confirmed by a second source.[60]
  • Thunderbirds Walkie Talkies were sold under the Grandstand name but are not a game.[61]

Care of LED and LCD handhelds

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Most of the care advice below comes from Grandstand's own leaflets for these games and from the makers' leaflets for the tabletops, which give the same warnings.

Batteries

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The early LED games run on a 9 V battery or on AA or C cells; most of the later LCD games run on button cells.[7][11][15] The BMX Burner leaflet is the most detailed of the Grandstand leaflets on button cells:[37]

  • Two 1.5 V alkaline LR44 cells, "or equivalent such as Duracell MS76 or Eveready A76", fitted with the positive side up.
  • Handle the cells with a cloth, to avoid transferring grease from the skin.
  • Battery life is about four months at one hour a day. When the cells run down the display becomes hard to see.
  • Keep used and spare cells away from young children, who may put them in their mouths; if a cell is swallowed, consult a doctor immediately.

The silver-oxide SR44 and the cells sold as A76 are the same size as the LR44, 11.6 mm across and 5.4 mm high. The LR43 that the Handheld Museum gives for Caveman (LCD) has the same diameter but is thinner, 4.2 mm, so the two are not interchangeable in a holder sized for one of them.[62] The Thunderbirds games came with one button cell, and the leaflet asks the player to have an adult change it.[48]

None of the pocket-game leaflets seen mentions a mains adaptor.[9][37][48] The two Tomy colour LCD games can run from the Grandstand Universal Mains Adaptor (see below).

Battery corrosion

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Take the cells out of any game going into storage. Grandstand's tabletop leaflets say to remove the batteries when the game is not used for long periods, and Radio Shack's leaflet for the same Epoch hardware warns that "even leak-proof type batteries can leak damaging chemicals which will ruin your unit permanently".[63][64] Alkaline cells, including LR44 button cells, leak potassium hydroxide; cleaning it from contacts and boards is covered on Battery Explosion, Capacitor or Corrosion Damage.

For a missing battery door, a 3D-printable cover that its designer made for a Grandstand Pocket Scramble is published under CC BY 4.0. The designer made it because the piece of card that had replaced the original door "did not keep battery connection stable".[65]

LCD screens

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Grandstand's leaflets for these games give the same handling advice:[33][35][37]

  • Keep the game out of direct sunlight and away from extreme temperatures, and do not let it get wet. Tomy's leaflet for Pac Man gives the glove compartment of a car on a hot day and the space near a heater vent as examples to avoid.[66]
  • Clean the case and screen only with a clean cloth; the BMX Flyer and Thomas leaflets say some cleaning liquids may cause damage.
  • Do not press hard on the buttons; "they will not operate any faster".
  • BMX Flyer was supplied with a protective sheet over the screen, to be removed before play.

A dim or hard-to-read display is the leaflets' sign of run-down batteries; try fresh cells before anything else.[37][33]

No Grandstand-specific report of missing LCD segments was found. Where an LCD's glass is joined to its circuit board by an elastomeric ("zebra") connector, calculator repairers trace missing segments to dirty or poorly seated contacts at the strip, clean the strip and the board contacts, and replace the strip if cleaning fails.[67] That advice is general and not from a Grandstand game.

LED games

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Three of the LED games of 1979 to 1981 have documented microcontrollers: Solitaire, Match of the Day Soccer and Pocket Match of the Day, covered below.[8][12][14] Nothing has been published on the insides of the others (Soccer, Adam, 4 in 1, Detective Shoestring, Destroyer and The Game Machine), and no repair reports for any of them were found. Solitaire takes its 9 V battery on a snap connector behind a door opened with a coin.[9]

Games with more hardware information

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Solitaire

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Grandstand's Solitaire is Conic's Electronic I.Q. MAME lists both releases: "Hong Kong: Electronic I.Q., published by Conic" and "UK: Solitaire, published by Grandstand". The boards it documents are marked CONIC 101-037 (main board, with HG-15 on the other side), CONIC 102-001 (buttons) and CONIC 100-003 REV A (LEDs). A Texas Instruments TMS1000NLL microcontroller with program MP0908 runs the game, driving two seven-segment LED digits and 30 other LEDs, with 1-bit sound.[8]

The leaflet describes peg solitaire on a 5 × 6 LED matrix. The game starts with 29 dots and one hole; a dot moves by jumping over a neighbour in any of eight directions, removing it, and the aim is to finish with a single dot. The two-digit display counts the time, and the game is over at 99. A PROF/AMATEUR slide switch makes the timer count faster. The game takes one 9 V battery on a snap connector, behind a door opened by pushing a coin into a slot.[9] MAME adds that the start position is random.[8]

Match of the Day Soccer and Pocket Match of the Day

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Kevin Keegan's Match of the Day Soccer is VTech's Soccer 2 under another name, according to the Handheld Museum. It runs on four AA cells; the museum reads its model number as 11109.[11] MAME's list of General Instrument PIC16 microcontroller programs includes serial 085, a PIC1655A dated 1980, for "VTech Soccer 2/Grandstand Match of the Day Soccer". The program has not been dumped, so the game is not emulated.[12]

Pocket Match of the Day (1981, one 9 V battery) is a different, smaller game.[13] MAME's notes say it was made by the Hong Kong company behind the Kmart Dunk 'n Sunk and Kmart Dr. Dunk, and that it uses a "MOS MPS765x" microcontroller.[14]

Gauntlet

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Grandstand's Gauntlet is Tiger's Gauntlet, model 7-778, licensed from Tengen. MAME lists three releases: Tiger's own, Sega's in Japan, and "UK: Gauntlet, published by Grandstand". The game runs on a Sharp SM510 microcontroller mounted as a bare die under epoxy (die labels CMS54C and KMS583), which drives an LCD with custom segments and 1-bit sound; Tiger used the same program in its Robin Hood.[42] MAME dates Tiger's release 1988, and the Centre for Computing History dates its Grandstand Gauntlet 1988.[42][43] Because the microcontroller is a die under epoxy on the board, it cannot be replaced as a separate part.

Tiger's Double Dragon (model 7-780) is also an SM510 game in MAME, but MAME lists no Grandstand release of it, so it is not confirmed that Grandstand's Double Dragon is the same unit.[42][44]

BMX Flyer and Thomas the Tank Engine

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Both are Tomy games from the series the Handheld Museum calls the Multicolorlaser 6000, sold in the UK as Mega Colour. The series has four games under six names: Mr. Do! (also sold as Mr. Go!), Wheelie Crosser (Grandstand's BMX Flyer), Thomas the Tank Engine and Monster Burger. Tomy's Wheelie Crosser is model 7686; the museum notes that the display is unchanged in BMX Flyer and only the name differs, a motorcycle rider in one and a BMX rider in the other. No Tomy release of Thomas is known.[32][31][34]

The display is a multi-coloured LCD lit from behind by a fluorescent tube running its full length.[31] The Handheld Museum's photograph of the inside of a Tomy Mr. Go!, which it says is similar to the others, shows the colour overlay and the LCD panel lifted off and the tube lying in a white reflector on the circuit board.[68] The museum reads the BMX Flyer's main chip as "BIKE 6948".[31]

Grandstand's leaflets for the two games say:[33][35]

  • Fit four alkaline cells: Duracell MN1400 (C) in BMX Flyer, MN1500 (AA) in Thomas. Or run the game from the Grandstand Universal Mains Adaptor with its polarity switch on negative; "Using the wrong adaptor could damage the game." The Handheld Museum gives the BMX Flyer adaptor as 6 V DC, 200 mA or more, centre negative.[31]
  • Replace all the batteries when the display fails to work properly or the illumination becomes dim or uneven.
  • Do not put the game where static electricity is generated, for example on top of a television or a microwave oven.
  • The built-in illumination may make the game feel slightly warm, which is normal.

No repair reports for either game were found. If the illumination stays dim or uneven with fresh cells or a correct supply, what remains is the tube or the circuit that drives it, and nothing has been published on either.

Mini-Munchman

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Mini-Munchman (1981) is a pocket LCD game that the Handheld Museum identifies as Epoch's Epoch-Man under licence. It runs on two LR44 cells.[15] Wikipedia's article on the game, which is flagged as needing more citations, adds a clock, alarm and stopwatch, a three-and-a-half-digit display that doubles as the clock, and a maximum score of 1,999, above which the score shows HHH.[69] Epoch made Epoch-Man in a larger size as well as a pocket one.[70] Grandstand's Pocket Pac-Man of 1983, which Wikipedia describes as a larger version with more screen area, is also Epoch-Man according to the Handheld Museum, and the Centre for Computing History lists it with a calendar, watch and alarm.[69][29][30] No board photograph, microcontroller identification or repair report was found for either game, and there is no freely licensed photograph of a Grandstand Mini-Munchman.

Documentation

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Grandstand leaflets for the handheld games:

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Handheld Games" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: index of the collector's Grandstand entries; each of Asteroid Attack, Back to the Heaven, Combat Zone, Formula One Racing, Ghostcatcher, The Jungle Book, Military Game ("probably not its actual name"), Run-Away, Tarzan, Vampire Strike and Wicked Blocks has an entry giving LCD, no year, and watch batteries except Wicked Blocks ("Tetris clone, fairly recent game").
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Thunderbirds" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: series of 1991, LCD, one LR44: Brink of Disaster, Blast into Outer Space, Danger at Ocean Deep (model 4179-1) and Pit of Peril.
  3. ↑ MAME source, hh_smc1k.cpp at commit d404316 (retrieved 2026-10-18), file header: "In Europe, Tiger didn't release their pre-78-xxx LCD games (hh_sm510.cpp) themselves, but through different publishers, eg. Orlitronic in France, Grandstand in the UK, Virca in Italy."
  4. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand 4-in-1 Electronic Game" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1979, LED, five AA cells, model 18546; Grand Prix, Code Breaker and Blackjack plus a calculator.
  5. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Adam" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1979, LED, six C cells, model number not known; "Looks the same as Waddington's Wizard game".
  6. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Soccer LED" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1979, LED, one 9 V battery, model S.G. 7891; also released by MIT as Soccer, actual maker not known.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Solitaire" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1979, LED, 9 V battery, model 18533; describes the object as turning off all the lights on a 6 × 5 grid; also released by Conic as I.Q.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 MAME source, hh_tms1k.cpp at commit d404316 (retrieved 2026-10-18), driver notes for Conic Electronic I.Q.: PCB labels CONIC 101-037 (other side HG-15), button PCB CONIC 102-001, LED PCB CONIC 100-003 REV A; TMS1000NLL MP0908 (die label 1000B, MP0908); two 7-segment LEDs and 30 other LEDs, 1-bit sound; "a peg solitaire game, with random start position"; known releases "Hong Kong: Electronic I.Q., published by Conic" and "UK: Solitaire, published by Grandstand".
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Grandstand, Electronic Game Solitaire instructions (printed in Hong Kong, 88-02000-02): PDF p. 2 (the playfield is a 5 × 6 LED dot matrix with a two-digit time display above it; the game starts with 29 dots and one hole; moves are jumps in eight directions that remove the dot jumped over; the object is to leave a single dot), p. 3 (the timer counts from 0; the game is over at 99), p. 4 (PROF/AMATEUR switch: the timer counts faster at PROF) and p. 5 ("Insert coin along slot (A) to remove battery door. Attach one 9-volt battery to connector."). Hosted as File:Grandstand Solitaire Instructions.pdf.
  10. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Detective" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: Detective Shoestring, 1980, LED, four AA cells; licensed from Epoch (Detective in Japan).
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Match of the Day Soccer" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: year not given, LED, four AA cells, model 11109; licensed from VTech (VTech's Soccer 2).
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 MAME source, hh_pic16.cpp at commit d404316 (retrieved 2026-10-18), list of known GI PIC16 chips: "*085 1655A 1980, VTech Soccer 2/Grandstand Match of the Day Soccer", where * marks a program not yet dumped.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Pocket Match of the Day" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1981, LED, one 9 V battery; pocket version of the Match of the Day soccer game.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 MAME source, hh_pps41.cpp at commit d404316 (retrieved 2026-10-18), driver notes for Kmart Dunk 'n Sunk: "It's by the same Hong Kong company that did Kmart Dr. Dunk/Tandy Electronic Basketball (PIC16 MCU), Grandstand Pocket Match of the Day (MOS MPS765x MCU) among others."
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Mini-Munchman" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1981, LCD, two LR44 cells; licensed from Epoch (Epoch Man).
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Crazy Kong" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1981, LCD, watch battery, model 11914; "CPU: NEC D553C"; also released in a slimmer body as Krazy Kong.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Steven Read, "Crazy Kong", Mini-Arcade.com, a collector's site (retrieved 2026-10-18): seller Epoch, 1982, LCD; "Also seen as Monster Panic"; box photographed is "a european Grandstand release".
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Caveman LCD" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1982, LCD, two LR43 watch batteries, model 11927.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Mini Golf" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1982, LCD, two AAA cells, model 11927; the same as Tomy's Digi-Pro Golf.
  20. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Dragon" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1982, LCD, watch batteries, model 11956; licensed from Tiger (same name).
  21. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand King Kong New York" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1982, LCD, watch batteries; licensed from Epoch; one of four games with King Kong Jungle, Mr. Rich Man and Mr. Wood Man.
  22. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand King Kong Jungle" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1982, LCD, watch batteries, model 12036; licensed from Epoch.
  23. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Mr. Rich Man" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1982, LCD, watch batteries; licensed from Epoch; sometimes sold as Rich Man.
  24. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Mr. Wood Man" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1982, LCD, watch batteries; licensed from Epoch; sometimes sold as Wood Man.
  25. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Space Fight" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1982, LCD, watch batteries.
  26. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Pocket Scramble" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1983, LCD, watch battery, model 12081.
  27. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Swords 'n' Serpents" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1983, LCD, watch batteries, model 12106.
  28. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Jack & The Beanstalk" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1983, LCD, solar powered, model 12135; licensed from Epoch (Jack and the Beanstalk).
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Pocket Pac-Man" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1983, LCD, two LR44 cells, model 12164; licensed from Epoch (Epoch-Man).
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Centre for Computing History, "Grandstand Pocket PacMan - Big Screen LCD", object CH69584 (retrieved 2026-10-18): LCD handheld with a version of Pac-Man, built-in calendar, watch and alarm, high-score recording and sound effects; dated 1 January 1983.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 Handheld Museum, "Grandstand BMX Flyer" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1983, LCD, four AA cells, model 11307; "CPU: Chip labeled BIKE 6948"; "A/C Adapter: 6v DC, 200mA (or more), Center Pole Negative"; licensed from Tomy, sold by Tomy in Japan as Wheelie Crosser; one of four games (six names) in the Tomy Multicolorlaser 6000 series, with a multi-coloured LCD backlit by a full-length fluorescent light.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Handheld Museum, "Tomy Wheelie Crosser" (retrieved 2026-10-18): 1983, LCD, four AA cells, model 7686; also released as BMX Flyer, with only the name changed (a motorcycle rider in one, a BMX rider in the other); one of four games (six names) in the "Multicolorlaser 6000 (Or Mega Colour in the UK) series": Mr. Do! or Mr. Go!, Wheelie Crosser or BMX Flyer, Thomas the Tank Engine and Monster Burger; multi-coloured LCD backlit by a full-length fluorescent light.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 Grandstand, BMX Flyer instruction book (printed in Japan), PDF p. 1 (remove the protective sheet from the screen before playing; four Duracell MN1400 alkaline batteries) and p. 4 ("Adaptor socket": Grandstand Universal Mains Adaptor, negative polarity; "Operational precautions": using the wrong adaptor could damage the game; replace all the batteries when the display fails to operate properly or the illumination becomes dim or uneven; no static, for example on top of a television or microwave oven; do not let it get wet; clean only with a clean cloth, some cleaning liquids may cause damage; not in direct sunlight or extreme temperatures; the built-in illumination may make the game feel slightly warm, which is normal). Hosted as File:Grandstand BMX Flyer Instructions.pdf.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Thomas the Tank Engine" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends, 1984, LCD, four AA cells, model 5151-0; probably licensed from Tomy, though no Tomy release is known; Multicolorlaser 6000 series.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 Grandstand, Thomas the Tank Engine instructions (printed in Japan), PDF p. 2 (four Duracell MN1500 alkaline batteries; Grandstand Universal Mains Adaptor with its 4-way jack plug, negative polarity) and p. 6 ("Operational precautions", as for BMX Flyer: wrong adaptor could damage the game; replace all batteries if the illumination becomes dim or uneven; static, liquids, cleaning, sunlight and temperature; the illumination may make it feel slightly warm). Hosted as File:Grandstand Thomas the Tank Engine Instructions.pdf.
  36. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand BMX Burner" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1984, LCD, two LR44 cells, model 12148; licensed from Epoch (BMX Super Champion).
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 Grandstand, BMX Burner instructions (distributed by Adam Imports Ltd, Ripon Way, Harrogate; printed in Japan): PDF p. 2 (two 1.5 V LR44 or equivalent, (+) side up; handle the batteries with a cloth to avoid transferring grease from the skin), p. 15 (a run-down battery makes the display hard to see; do not press hard on the buttons, "They will not operate any faster"; do not leave in the sun or let it get wet; keep used or spare batteries away from young children; if swallowed, consult a doctor immediately) and p. 16 (about four months' battery life at one hour a day; "Alkali Manganese Button Batteries LR44 × 2 or equivalent such as Duracell MS76 or Eveready A76"; 162 × 78 × 14.5 mm; 114 g with batteries). Hosted as File:Grandstand BMX Burner Instructions.pdf.
  38. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Maths Master" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1984, LCD, two AA cells, model 12177; licensed from Epoch (Sensu-Puter or Math Master).
  39. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Astro Warriors" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1984, LCD, watch batteries; licensed from Epoch (Space Dragon).
  40. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Krazy Kong" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1984, LCD, watch batteries; same game play as Crazy Kong in a different body, with a slightly different LCD layout.
  41. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Mouse Maze" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1987, LCD; batteries not given.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 MAME source, hh_sm510.cpp at commit d404316 (retrieved 2026-10-18): driver notes for Tiger Gauntlet (model 7-778, licensed from Tengen): Sharp SM510 under epoxy (die label CMS54C, KMS583), LCD with custom segments, 1-bit sound; known releases "World: Gauntlet, published by Tiger", "Japan: Gauntlet, published by Sega", "UK: Gauntlet, published by Grandstand"; MCU ROM the same as Robin Hood; listed as 1988. Driver notes for Tiger Double Dragon (model 7-780) list no Grandstand release.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Centre for Computing History, "Grandstand Gauntlet", object CH40358 (retrieved 2026-10-18): "LCD game of heroes battling it out with monsters"; manufacturer Grandstand; 1988.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Double Dragon" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: year not given, LCD, two AA cells; licensed from Tiger.
  45. ↑ Centre for Computing History, "Grandstand Double Dragon", object CH40354 (retrieved 2026-10-18): LCD Double Dragon game; manufacturer Grandstand; 1988.
  46. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Batman" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1989, LCD; "looks like a licensed game from Tiger"; batteries not given.
  47. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Indiana Jones" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: 1989, LCD, watch batteries.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 Grandstand, Thunderbirds: Danger at Ocean Deep instructions, 4179-1 (86-8303-1200), PDF p. 1 ("Require one button cell. Your game has one free battery included. Please ask an adult to change the battery when it needs replacing") and p. 2 (lists the four Thunderbirds LCD games; Adam Leisure consumer helpline for UK and Ireland customers). Hosted as File:Grandstand Thunderbirds Danger at Ocean Deep Instructions.pdf.
  49. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Destroyer" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: year not given, LED, three AA cells, model 003101; also sold by Conic and Spectrum.
  50. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand The Game Machine" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: year not given, LED, five AA cells; also sold in the US by House of Games and by VTech as Mini Game Machine.
  51. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Paperboy" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: year not given, LCD, two AA cells; licensed from Tiger.
  52. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Batman Back Street Brawl & Wings of Steel" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: year not given, LCD, watch batteries.
  53. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Captain Scarlet Lunarville" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: year not given, LCD, watch batteries. A second entry, Captain Scarlet Manhunt, gives the same.
  54. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Stingray- Seek & Destroy" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: year not given, LCD, watch batteries.
  55. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Star Force (LCD)" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: year not given, LCD; "Probably licensed from Tiger... Supersound game".
  56. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Game Player" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: year not given, LCD, watch batteries; cartridge system with the LCD panel in each cartridge, seen for sale with the same three cartridges.
  57. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Game Wizard" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: year not given, LCD, four AA cells; three two-sided background cards slide under the LCD and select one of six built-in games for two players.
  58. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Hero and Princess" (retrieved 2026-10-18). Collector's entry: year not given, LCD, watch batteries; the same as Radio Shack/Tandy's Hero and Princess, maker not known.
  59. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Astro Wars (1990)" (retrieved 2026-10-18): 1990, LCD, "2 AA/2 C Batteries", model 4105-4; "Large LCD tabletop game (Made by Tiger)".
  60. ↑ Wikipedia, "Grandstand (game manufacturer)" (retrieved 2026-10-18), section "Projector-based 'Light' games": Playtime Products (Hong Kong) projector system rebranded by Grandstand for the UK as the "Light Games LCD Colour Projection System"; D cells; cites a collector gallery and an Imgur post.
  61. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Grandstand Thunderbirds Walkie Talkie" (retrieved 2026-10-18): "another non-handheld game"; no year or model number.
  62. ↑ Wikipedia, "List of battery sizes" (retrieved 2026-10-18), silver-oxide and alkaline cells table: SR44 (also LR44 and A76), 11.6 × 5.4 mm; SR43 (also LR43), 11.6 × 4.2 mm.
  63. ↑ Grandstand, Astro Wars instruction leaflet, PDF p. 2, "Batteries": "Always be sure game is turned off to avoid battery drain and remove batteries when game is not in use for long periods." Hosted as File:Grandstand Astro Wars Instructions.pdf.
  64. ↑ Radio Shack, Astro Thunder owner's manual, cat. no. 60-2197 (the Epoch game Grandstand sold as Firefox F-7), PDF p. 1: remove the batteries when the game will not be used for a week or more; "Even leak-proof type batteries can leak damaging chemicals which will ruin your unit permanently." Hosted as File:Radio Shack Astro Thunder Manual.pdf.
  65. ↑ Nik Whale, "Grandstand Pocket Battery Cover" (Thingiverse 5846199, 10 February 2023), mirrored at archive.org (retrieved 2026-10-18), CC BY 4.0: designed for the designer's Grandstand Pocket Scramble, whose missing cover had been replaced by "a piece of card cut to fit" that "did not keep battery connection stable".
  66. ↑ Tomy, Tomytronic Pac Man instructions (US edition, 1981), PDF p. 1, "Taking care of your game": "Don't expose it to excessive cold or excessive heat; for example, in the glove compartment of a car on a hot, sunny day or near a heater vent." Hosted as File:Tomy Pac Man Instructions.pdf.
  67. ↑ The Calculator Store, "Damaged screen - not all segments light on" (retrieved 2026-10-18), a repairer's page for the HP-41 calculator: missing segments from bad connections at the elastomeric or metal "zebra" strips; clean the contacts and strips, and replace the strips if that fails.
  68. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Game Guts!" (retrieved 2026-10-18): photograph of the inside of a Tomy Mr. Go! (Mr. Do!), captioned "The color overlay and the LCD panel are at the top, removed so you can see the flourescent light that provides the backlighting for this game"; the Wheelie Crosser entry says the others in the series are similar.
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 Wikipedia, "Mini-Munchman" (retrieved 2026-10-18), an article tagged as needing more citations: released 1981 in the UK by Grandstand; a rebadged Epoch-Man; pocket-sized with a real-time clock, alarm and stopwatch; two LR44 cells; a three-and-a-half-digit display with a small extra digit; maximum score 1,999, then HHH; Pocket Pac-Man described as a later, larger LCD version with more screen area.
  70. ↑ Handheld Museum, "Epoch Epoch-Man" (retrieved 2026-10-18): Epoch's Pac-Man clone, LCD; "this is the larger size, they also made a 'Pocket Size' version".


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