Apple II Reference Manual

The Apple II Reference Manual ("A Reference Manual for the Apple II and the Apple II Plus Personal Computers") is Apple Computer's 1979 hardware and firmware reference for the Apple II and Apple II Plus, written by Christopher Espinosa. Apple product number A2L0001A (030-0004-01); the scan is 216 pages. It superseded the earlier "Red Book" reference of 1978, which Espinosa expanded into this manual.

Contents

From the book's table of contents:

• Chapter 1, Approaching Your Apple: the power supply, the main board, the keyboard, the video display and its modes, the speaker, the cassette interface, the game I/O connector, and "Varieties of Apples" (Autostart ROM versus Monitor ROM, the Revision 0 and Revision 1 boards on pp. 25-26, power supply changes, the Apple II Plus)
• Chapter 2, Conversation with Apples: standard output and input, escape codes, the RESET cycle and the Autostart ROM's special locations
• Chapter 3, The System Monitor: monitor commands, the Mini-Assembler, debugging, useful subroutines
• Chapter 4, Memory Organization: RAM storage, RAM configuration blocks, ROM storage, I/O locations, zero page maps
• Chapter 5, Input/Output Structure: built-in and peripheral I/O, peripheral card ROM space, expansion ROM
• Chapter 6, Hardware Configuration: the microprocessor, system timing, the power supply (p. 92), ROM and RAM memory, the video generator, the game I/O connector, the keyboard, the cassette jacks, the power connector, the speaker and the peripheral connectors
• Appendix A, the 6502 instruction set; Appendix B, special locations; Appendix C, ROM listings
• Glossary, bibliography, and indexes of figures, photos and tables

Figures it settles

• Power supply (p. 92): U.S. Patent 4,130,862; input 107-132 V AC or 214-264 V AC (switch-selectable); supply voltages +5.0, +11.8, −12.0 and −5.2 V; full-load output +5 V at 2.5 A, −5 V at 250 mA, +12 V at 1.5 A (about 2.5 A intermittent) and −12 V at 250 mA; 60 W at full load, 79 W intermittent; operating temperature 55 °C. The manual gives no per-rail tolerance.
• Main board: three rows of eight RAM sockets (C frontmost, then D and E), six ROM sockets above them, memory configuration blocks at D1, E1 and F1, and eight peripheral slots numbered 0 to 7.
• ROM: the 74LS138 at F12 selects the individual ROMs. The ROMs resemble the 2316 and 2716 but the chip-select polarity differs, so a 2716 EPROM cannot be plugged straight in. Figure 13 gives the 9316B pinout.
• RAM: nine configurations (4K, 8K, 12K, 16K, 20K, 24K, 32K, 36K and 48K) from 4096-family 4K parts (MK4096 or MCM6604) or 4116-type 16K parts.
• Video: the 2513 character generator at A5 and the 74166 at A3; text 40 × 24, low-resolution 40 × 48 in 16 colours, high-resolution 280 × 192 in 6 colours (4 on a Revision 0 board).
• Keyboard: MM5740 decoder, 7404 buffers, a 7400 scan oscillator at keyboard location U4 and a 555 at U3 for the 10 Hz repeat.
• System timing: 14.318 MHz master oscillator, 7.159 MHz, the 3.58 MHz colour reference and the 1.023 MHz phase 0 and phase 1 clocks.

What this manual does not contain

No service procedures, parts list or troubleshooting charts, and no component values for the power supply. The later RFI main board (820-0044) is covered by Apple's addendum, described at Apple II Schematics. Apple's service procedures are in File:Apple II and II Plus Technical Procedures.pdf, and the Astec supply component listings in Apple Astec Power Supplies Service Package. The Apple IIe has its own manual, Apple IIe Reference Manual.

Pages that cite this document

• Apple II
• Apple II Plus
• Apple II General Maintenance
• Apple II Schematics
• Apple Astec Power Supplies Service Package

Download: Apple II Reference Manual 1979.pdf