Macintosh XL
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| Macintosh XL at the Museum of Modern Art, New York (photo: Nan Palmero, CC BY 2.0) | |
| Specifications | |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Apple Computer, Inc. |
| Type | Personal computer |
| Released | January 1985 (renamed from Lisa 2/10) |
| Discontinued | April 1985 |
| CPU | Motorola 68000 at 5 MHz |
| Memory | 512 KB (one memory board) or 1 MB (two) |
| Storage | One 3.5-inch micro disk drive, 400 KB; internal 10 MB hard disk |
| Display | 12-inch monochrome CRT, 720 × 364 |
| Sound | — |
| Ports / interface | Two serial (DB-25); no built-in parallel port |
| Dimensions | 350 mm H × 475 mm W × 388 mm D (13.8 × 18.7 × 15.2 in) |
| Weight | 22 kg (48 lb) |
| OS / Firmware | MacWorks; Lisa Office System (unmodified machines only) |
| Predecessor | Apple Lisa 2/10 (same machine) |
| Model no. | Apple service parts: power supply 661-73172, motherboard 661-93170, I/O board 661-93171, hard disk assembly 661-93176 |
The Macintosh XL is the Apple Lisa 2/10 under the name Apple gave it in January 1985, sold with MacWorks, software that lets the Lisa run Macintosh programs. Apple's service procedures state that "The Lisa 2/10 is now called the Macintosh XL", and give the reason for the rename: "to make it clear that the Macintosh XL (using MacWorks) and the Macintosh are compatible."[1] The Computer History Museum records that, despite improved sales, Apple ended the product in April 1985 to concentrate on the Macintosh.[2]
Apple's service documents treat the Macintosh XL and the Lisa 2/10 as one machine, and most of what is on Apple Lisa 2/10, Apple Lisa General Maintenance and Apple Lisa Troubleshooting applies directly.
Specifications
[edit | edit source]| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Processor | Motorola 68000 at 5 MHz[3] |
| Memory | 512 KB with one memory board, 1 MB with two; 2 MB possible with third-party memory boards[1] |
| Storage | One 3.5-inch micro disk drive (400 KB) and an internal 10 MB hard disk; up to six ProFiles through optional parallel interface cards[1][4] |
| Display | 12-inch monochrome, 720 × 364 pixels[4] |
| Ports | Two serial ports (DB-25). No built-in parallel port: a parallel device needs a parallel interface card in the expansion chamber[1] |
| Power supply | The "10 amp" supply, rated at 1.8 A AC (the Lisa 2 and 2/5 use a supply rated at 1.2 A AC)[1] |
| Dimensions | 350 mm H × 475 mm W × 388 mm D (13.8 × 18.7 × 15.2 in)[4] |
| Weight | 22 kg (48 lb)[4] |
Configurations
[edit | edit source]Apple's configuration table sets out the differences between the Lisa 2, the Macintosh XL and the Macintosh XL with the Screen Modification Kit fitted:[1]
| Feature | Lisa 2 (Lisa 2/5 with a ProFile) | Macintosh XL (Lisa 2/10) | Modified Macintosh XL (Screen Kit fitted) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internal hard disk | No | Yes; runs Lisa 7/7 Office System and/or MacWorks | Yes; runs MacWorks only |
| Built-in parallel port | Yes, a horizontal DB-25 next to the mouse port | No; needs a parallel interface card. Under MacWorks the internal disk cannot reach a ProFile but can reach a parallel printer if the driver is installed | No; needs a parallel interface card. Cannot reach a ProFile under MacWorks; can reach a parallel printer if the driver is installed |
| Serial ports | Two, with three DB-25 connectors at the back | Two, with two DB-25 connectors at the back | |
| Power supply | Rated 1.2 A AC | "10 Amp" supply, rated 1.8 A AC | |
The Lisa Office System must be installed on the internal hard disk, and applications other than LisaWrite and LisaProject 3.1 are serialised to the machine once installed. MacWorks can share the internal disk with the Office System, and on the Macintosh XL MacWorks supports the internal hard disk only. Apple told technicians to upgrade every installation to Office System 3.1 and MacWorks 3.0.[1]
Service parts
[edit | edit source]| Part | Apple number |
|---|---|
| Power supply | 661-73172 |
| Motherboard | 661-93170 |
| I/O board | 661-93171 |
| Hard disk assembly | 661-93176 |
| Modified CPU card | 661-0298 |
| Disk controller ROM | 341-0281 |
The Macintosh XL I/O board (620-X142-X) carries disk controller ROM 341-0281 rev. D at 2-A, has a resistor at R-47 and has no batteries; the Lisa 2/5 board has batteries and no R-47.[1] The power supply is a DataPower design; Mac84 documents a US 120 V unit as DataPower 699-0189, rated 1.8 A, with a 3 A 250 V fuse.[5] A reverse-engineered schematic of the DataPower supply is hosted at File:Apple Lisa DataPower Power Supply Schematic (reverse-engineered).pdf, and capacitor values are on Apple Lisa Capacitor Replacement Guide.
Screen Modification Kit
[edit | edit source]Lisa pixels are rectangular and Macintosh pixels are square, so Macintosh documents look slightly taller than their real size on an unmodified Lisa screen, although they print correctly.[1] Apple's Macintosh XL Screen Modification Kit corrects this. A dealer fitted it by changing three ROMs on the CPU board and adding a transformer between the CRT and the video board:[1]
- boot ROM 341-0347 at location 13-D;
- boot ROM 341-0346 at 14-D;
- video state machine ROM 341-0348 at 6-C, replacing the original.
Apple's kit instructions warn that the user can no longer run any Lisa software once it is installed: a modified machine runs MacWorks only, from a MacWorks-only hard disk.[1][6] After the boot ROM self-test, the ROM codes in the upper right corner of the screen read H and 88 on an unmodified Macintosh XL and 3A and 88 on a modified one. Apple's diagnostic disks are the Lisa/Macintosh XL Test (077-0140) for unmodified machines and the Macintosh XL Screen Modification Kit diagnostic (077-0206) for modified ones.[1]
The user's side of the kit is Apple's Macintosh XL Screen Kit manual, 030-1240-A, hosted at Macintosh XL Screen Kit. It covers the three disks supplied (MacWorks XL, the MacWorks System Disk and MacPaint 1.5), making a MacWorks-only hard disk with Hard Disk Install, and starting from the 3.5-inch disk: switch on and, at the first click, hold the Apple key and type 2 on the main keyboard.[6]
Video State ROM
[edit | edit source]The Video State ROM is on the CPU board at location 6-C. It holds the machine's serial number and AppleNet number, serialises Lisa Office System applications to the machine, and takes part in the video display and memory allocation. Serialisation does not happen under MacWorks.[1]
When a CPU board is replaced, move the customer's own Video State ROM to the replacement board. Apple lists three symptoms of a missing, wrong or defective Video State ROM:[1]
- no video or incorrect video: check that a ROM is fitted before condemning the video board or CRT;
- a Lisa Office System application reports that the tool is not licensed for use on the system;
- Preferences reports that the system is having difficulty displaying it.
Error reports
[edit | edit source]Apple distinguishes five kinds of error report on the Lisa 2 and Macintosh XL (General Information p. 15):[1]
| Kind | What it is |
|---|---|
| Startup error icon | An icon of the failed component with an X through it, during the self-test or while booting |
| Startup error code | A number displayed while booting software |
| Startup error tones | Two or three low and high tones during the self-test or while booting |
| "Sad Macintosh" code | Only on systems running MacWorks, where the Macintosh desktop would appear; see Sad Mac Error Codes |
| Operating system error code | A number displayed while an application is running, usually a software error |
The code tables and symptom procedures are on Apple Lisa Troubleshooting.
Safety
[edit | edit source]Apple's service procedures give the CRT anode charge as about 15,000 V DC, held even with the power off. The anode can regain some charge after being discharged, so discharge it again if a procedure takes more than 30 minutes. When adjusting a live CRT, never touch the yoke wires, the anode connector, the anode wire or the flyback transformer (Video Take-apart pp. 3.3–3.4).[1] See CRT Discharge Procedure.
Documentation
[edit | edit source]- Apple Service Technical Procedures Lisa/Macintosh XL: Apple's technical procedures, including the configuration table, parts lists and Screen Kit installation.
- Macintosh XL Screen Kit: the user manual for the screen modification, 030-1240-A.
- Apple Lisa 2 Owners Guide 1984: specifications and set-up for the Lisa 2 family.
- Lisa Hardware Manual (1982).
- Lisa Do It Yourself Guide.
- Apple Lisa DataPower Power Supply Schematic (reverse-engineered)
Related pages
[edit | edit source]- Apple Lisa
- Apple Lisa 2
- Apple Lisa 2/10
- Apple Lisa General Maintenance
- Apple Lisa Troubleshooting
- Apple Lisa Capacitor Replacement Guide
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 Apple Computer, Apple Service Technical Procedures: Lisa/Macintosh XL (pages revised to June 1987). Name change notice p. 0.0; Lisa 2 General Information pp. 1–5 (configurations), 12–15 (Video State ROM, error codes); Lisa Video Take-apart pp. 3.3–3.4; Diagnostics p. 5.2.1 (ROM codes, diagnostic disks); Lisa/Macintosh XL Troubleshooting p. 6.5 (configuration table) and System Boards Compatibility Table; Upgrade and Retrofit, Macintosh XL Screen Kit pp. 4.1–4.3; Illustrated Parts Lists. Hosted as Apple Service Technical Procedures Lisa/Macintosh XL (PDF).
- ↑ Hansen Hsu, "The Lisa: Apple's Most Influential Failure", Computer History Museum, January 19, 2023.
- ↑ Forrest Warthman and Associates for Apple Computer, LISA Hardware Manual, 7 September 1982, section 1.3, p. 1-6. Hosted as File:Lisa Hardware Manual Sep 1982.pdf.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Apple Computer, Lisa 2 Owner's Guide, ©1983, 1984, specifications pp. 62–63. Hosted as Apple Lisa 2 Owners Guide 1984.
- ↑ Mac84, Apple Lisa 2/10 Power Supply Recapping Diagram, version 1.0, September 2022. https://mac84.net/web/apple-lisa-2-10-analog-board-and-1-8-amp-power-supply-recapping-guide/ Secondary source, from a physical board.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Apple Computer, Macintosh XL Screen Kit, 030-1240-A, ©1985, pp. 3–7. Hosted as Macintosh XL Screen Kit (File:Macintosh XL Screen Kit.pdf).