Sharp X1D
 | |
| A metallic silver X1D (CZ-802CS) with the 3-inch drive at the left of the front panel (photo: Japanese Vintage Computer Collection, hachibitto.com) | |
| Specifications | |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Sharp Corporation |
| Type | Home computer |
| Released | October 1983 (announced 28 September 1983)[1][2] |
| Intro price | ¥198,000[1] |
| CPU | Zilog Z80A, 4 MHz[2] |
| Memory | 64 KB program RAM; 48 KB graphics RAM; 4 KB text RAM; 6 KB character RAM[2] |
| Storage | One 3-inch compact floppy drive, 320 KB, room for a second[2] |
| Display | 640 × 200 or 320 × 200, 8 colours, digital RGB[2] |
| Sound | AY-3-8910 PSG, 3 voices, 8 octaves[2][3] |
| Power | AC 100 V, 50/60 Hz, 49 W[2] |
| Dimensions | Main unit 390 × 332 × 108 mm; keyboard 391 × 189 × 53 mm[2] |
| Weight | 6.2 kg; keyboard 1.35 kg[2] |
| OS / Firmware | — |
| Predecessor | Sharp X1 |
| Successor | Sharp X1F |
| Model no. | CZ-802CR (rose red), CZ-802CS (metallic silver)[4] |
The Sharp X1D (CZ-802C) is an 8-bit home computer in Sharp's X1 series with a 3-inch compact floppy drive built into the main unit. Sharp announced it with the Sharp X1C on 28 September 1983, and it went on sale in October 1983 at ¥198,000.[2][1] It was the first X1 with a floppy drive built in.[5] The main unit keeps the 39 cm width of the first X1 and has a separate keyboard. Sharp called it the "Professional type".[1][2]
The 3-inch Compact Floppy format came from Hitachi, Hitachi Maxell and Matsushita. It lost out to 5¼-inch disks, Sharp dropped the X1D and its external 3-inch drives, and the X1turbo and the Sharp X1F used 5¼-inch drives instead.[1][5]
Hardware
[edit | edit source]Sharp's specification gives a Z80A at 4 MHz, an 80C48 for key scanning, an 80C49 for television and cassette control and an 8877A floppy disk controller.[2] X1 Center's survey of real boards lists these chips for the CZ-802C:[3]
| Function | Part |
|---|---|
| IPL ROM | IX0309CE |
| 8×8 character font ROM | IX0286CE |
| Main-unit sub-CPU | MSM80C49-47 |
| Keyboard sub-CPU | MSM80C48-14 |
| CRTC | HD46505SP-2 (HD68B45SP) |
| Main RAM | 8× M5K4164AP-15 |
| Attribute and text VRAM | 2× MB8416A-15-SK |
| PCG RAM | 3× LH5128-15 |
| Graphics RAM | 6× TMS4416-12NL |
| Real-time clock | µPD1990AC |
| Clock backup battery | 2.4 V 30 mAh |
| Sound (PSG) | AY-3-8910 |
| Floppy VFO | Discrete |
| Sharp custom IC | IX0395CE |
The IPL ROM is the same IX0309CE as in the first X1, and no kanji ROM is fitted.[3] The clock backup battery is a nickel-cadmium cell; Sharp's specification says the X1D's clock is backed up by a built-in NiCd cell.[2]
Floppy drive
[edit | edit source]The internal drive is an MSHD200A01, a 3-inch double-sided double-density drive storing 320 KB per disk. Sharp's part number for the silver version is DMECF0003CE, and a second drive (CZ-31FR or CZ-31FS) fits inside the case.[4][2] The X1D's floppy interface has no DMA and no 2HD or FM support, uses a discrete phase-locked loop built from TTL, and has 150 Ω pull-ups on its external drive connector. The internal drive's connector is soldered straight to the main board.[4]
Through that connector the X1D can also run Sharp's 5¼-inch CZ-800F drive and a cassette data recorder.[2] Because its floppy interface differs from later X1 models, some software, Hydlide II among it, does not run from an added 5¼-inch drive.[1]
Differences from other X1 models
[edit | edit source]The X1D has no built-in tape deck. Its BASIC manual describes the CMT command as remote on and off for an external tape recorder, and lists no tape sensor function.[6] Sharp's later CZ-8RL1 data recorder can be plugged in, but the X1D cannot control its fast wind, rewind or cueing.[1] Iwai Ippei found that the X1D's sub-CPU differs from the X1turbo's and the X1F Model 20's, which can drive the CZ-8RL1, and that on the X1D board the deck control outputs are left unconnected and the deck status inputs to the 8255 are tied to +5 V.[7]
The X1D's palette port is implemented differently from later models, and many commercial titles, Riverhill Soft's Manhattan Requiem among them, show wrong colours on an X1D.[1]
The X1D has a NiCd cell to keep its clock running; the X1F and X1G that followed have none.[3]
Known faults
[edit | edit source]- The NiCd clock cell can leak electrolyte that eats into the board around it. X1 Center found the through-holes near the cell on a first-model X1 board blackened and corroded; see Battery Explosion, Capacitor or Corrosion Damage for cleaning up.[8]
- The keyboard's coiled cord loses its sheath with age; one X1D owner found the cord frayed and unreliable.[9][10]
- Keyboard jacks crack their solder joints on X1 machines.[11]
- Blank 3-inch disks are scarce. One owner runs software on an X1D from an HxC floppy emulator.[9]
See the Sharp X1D Troubleshooting Guide for symptoms and checks.
Unofficial versions
[edit | edit source]Hudson Soft built the X1R, an X1D converted to run at 8 MHz with a Z80H and faster static RAM, and showed it at the 1984 Microcomputer Show; there is no record of it being sold or offered as a conversion. Oh!MZ published Iwai Ippei's X1DX conversion, which lets the X1D control the CZ-8RL1 data recorder, in December 1985, and his X1DII 5¼-inch drive conversion in April 1986.[1][7]
Documentation
[edit | edit source]No scan of Sharp's X1D service manual is on the Internet Archive or X1 Center; X1 Center's schematics cover the first X1 and the X1turbo.[12] Sources for the X1D:
- Oh!MZ, November 1983, p. 26: Sharp's launch specification for the X1C and X1D.[2]
- Oh!MZ, December 1985, pp. 54-62: Iwai Ippei's X1DX article, with the X1D's cassette control circuit.[7]
- 祝一平, 試験に出るX1 (Nihon SoftBank, 1987), a register-level reference for the whole X1 range.[6]
Repair guides
[edit | edit source]Gallery
[edit | edit source]-
X1D in metallic silver (hachibitto.com) -
The IPL menu of a working X1D (hachibitto.com)
Related pages
[edit | edit source]- Sharp X1, the first model
- Sharp X1C, announced with the X1D
- Sharp X1F, the next floppy model, with a 5¼-inch drive
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 X1 (コンピュータ), Japanese Wikipedia—link(accessed 2026-10-21) X1D (CZ-802C, October 1983): one built-in 3-inch FDD; the later X1 data recorder can be connected but its cueing and other controls cannot be driven from the X1D, which hampered tape software; keyboard as on the first X1 but without the cassette control keys; the floppy interface differs from later models, so some software (Hydlide II) fails with an added 5¼-inch drive; the palette port is implemented differently, so many titles (Manhattan Requiem) show wrong colours; nicknamed "Professional type"; rose red or metallic silver; 48 KB graphics RAM built in; ¥198,000. The 3-inch format was developed by Hitachi, Hitachi Maxell and Matsushita; the X1D and the external 3-inch drives were dropped as 5¼-inch disks took over, and the X1turbo used 5¼-inch drives. Unofficial derivatives: the X1R (Hudson's 8 MHz X1D, 1984), the X1DX (Iwai Ippei's modification to control the CZ-8RL1, Oh!MZ, December 1985) and the X1DII (a 5¼-inch drive conversion, Oh!MZ, April 1986).
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 Oh!MZ, November 1983, p. 26, "姉妹機X1C、X1Dが新登場" and Table 1, "パーソナルコンピュータ(CZ-801C/802C)仕様": Sharp announced the X1C and X1D on 28 September 1983; the X1D keeps the X1's audio-rack width with a separate keyboard and carries a newly developed double-sided double-density 3-inch compact floppy drive with room for one more inside, plus an interface for the 5¼-inch CZ-800F and a cassette data recorder; expansion I/O ports fit inside the main unit. Table 1: Z-80A 4 MHz; 80C48 for key scanning; 80C49 for TV and cassette control; 8877A floppy controller; IPL ROM 4 KB; character generator ROM 2 KB; program RAM 64 KB; text RAM 4 KB; user-defined character RAM 6 KB; graphics RAM 48 KB; text 80 × 25 or 40 × 25; graphics 640 × 200 (one screen) or 320 × 200 (two screens) with 8 colours per dot, or 640 × 200 (three screens) or 320 × 200 (six screens) with one colour per screen; R, G, B separate output; compact floppy double-sided double-density, 80 tracks, 320 KB formatted, 3-inch disks; sound 8 octaves, 3 voices; 8 cm speaker, 300 mW; Centronics 8-bit printer port; two Atari-type joystick ports; expansion I/O (X1D) 4 ports inside the main unit (option); clock built in, on the X1D backed up by a built-in NiCd cell; AC 100 V ±10 %, 50/60 Hz; power consumption 49 W (X1D); 10 to 35 °C, 35 to 75 % RH; main unit 39.0 × 33.2 × 10.8 cm, keyboard 39.1 × 18.9 × 5.3 cm; 6.2 kg, keyboard 1.35 kg. Scan on the Internet Archive, item oh-mz-1983-08-12, file Oh!MZ_1983-11.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 搭載チップセット (chip sets fitted), X1 Center—link(accessed 2026-10-21) CZ-802C (X1D): IPL ROM IX0309CE (as on the first X1); font ROM IX0286CE; no kanji ROM; main-unit sub-CPU MSM80C49-47; keyboard sub-CPU MSM80C48-14; CRTC HD46505SP-2 (HD68B45SP); main RAM 8× M5K4164AP-15; attribute and text VRAM 2× MB8416A-15-SK; PCG RAM 3× LH5128-15; graphics RAM 6× TMS4416-12NL; RTC µPD1990AC; backup battery 2.4 V 30 mAh; PSG AY-3-8910; floppy VFO discrete; custom IC IX0395CE.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 X1/turbo/Zシリーズ搭載FDDインターフェース仕様, X1 Center—link(accessed 2026-10-21) CZ-802C (X1D): no 2HD, FM or DMA; floppy VFO discrete/TTL; external-connector input terminators 150 Ω (33 mA when pulled low); internal drive cable cannot be replaced, because the internal connector is soldered directly to the board. Drives: CZ-802CR (rose red bezel) and CZ-802CS (metallic silver), 3-inch 2D, one plus one, MSHD200A01, Sharp part DMECF0003CE (silver), add-on drives CZ-31FR and CZ-31FS. MSHD200A01: 3-inch 2D, step rate not confirmed, 820 Ω input terminator, no restore at power-on.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 X1シリーズで初となる5インチFDDを搭載した「X1F」– 佐々木 潤 (Jun Sasaki), AKIBA PC Hotline! (Impress), 2018-03-27—link(accessed 2026-10-21) The X1D was the first X1 (outside the turbo range) with a built-in FDD and used a 3-inch drive; the X1F Model 20 had a 5¼-inch drive.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 祝一平 (Iwai Ippei), 試験に出るX1 ハードウェアのフルコース (Nihon SoftBank, 1987), p. 89: the sub-CPU commands E9h and EAh match the BASIC CMT command; in the X1D's BASIC manual CMT is described as remote on/off for an external tape deck, and the X1D manual has nothing corresponding to the cassette sensor command EBh. Scan on the Internet Archive, item SHARPX1TecRef.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 祝一平 (Iwai Ippei), "X1DにCZ-8RL1をつないでしまう", Oh!MZ, December 1985, pp. 54-55: only the sub-CPUs of the X1turbo and X1F Model 20 can control the CZ-8RL1 with full logic (APSS, rewind and so on), and the X1D's sub-CPU differs from them; compared with the first X1 and the X1C, the X1D simply leaves the cassette deck circuits out: outputs such as FAST from the sub-CPU are left floating, and inputs such as APSS, which goes to a pin of the 8255, are held at +5 V; the article adds an interface to control the CZ-8RL1 from the X1D. Scan on the Internet Archive, item oh-mz-1985, file Oh!MZ_1985-12.
- ↑ 時計バックアップ用ニッカド電池, X1 Center—link(accessed 2026-10-21) The NiCd clock backup cells in X1 machines leak electrolyte and gas through age or over-discharge; the board's resist roughens first, then the liquid soaks through the plated holes and dissolves the copper until tracks oxidise and break; if the clock backup is not needed, remove the cell or replace it with a 5.5 V supercapacitor. Photographs of a CZ-800C main board with blackened through-holes near the cell, and of an X1turbo III sub-board.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Sharp X1 D, Japanese Vintage Computer Collection (hachibitto.com)—link(accessed 2026-10-21) An owner's account of an untested X1D bought at auction: at power-on the power indicator and floppy drive light came on and the drive light went out when it found no disk; with the keyboard and digital RGB connected the IPL screen appeared and the TV timer could be set, after which the timer indicator lit; the keyboard cable was frayed and unreliable; 3-inch disks are hard to find, so the owner loaded BASIC and a game from an HxC floppy emulator.
- ↑ X1/turbo用キーボードケーブルの劣化と交換, X1 Center—link(accessed 2026-10-21) The coiled cord of X1 and X1turbo keyboards whitens and crumbles; the keyboard line carries +5.0 V, so a short is dangerous; the plug is a standard 3.5 mm mini plug.
- ↑ キーボードコネクタの半田剥離, X1 Center—link(accessed 2026-10-21) Keyboard connector solder cracks are one of the most frequent faults on X1, turbo and Z machines.
- ↑ 図面資料, X1 Center—link(accessed 2026-10-21) Schematics: CZ-800C (X1) Rev. 4, CZ-850C/851C/852C (X1turbo), CZ-8RL1; the X1Cs/X1Ck schematics are in a book. No X1D schematic is listed.